![]() Defining the intrinsic AGN infrared spectral energy distribution and measuring its contribution to the infrared output of composite galaxies. Dust emission from active galactic nuclei. Infrared spectra of obscuring dust tori around active galactic nuclei. Unified schemes for radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Relativistic beaming and quasar statistics. Unified models for active galactic nuclei and quasars. The massive-black-hole-velocity-dispersion relation and the halo baryon fraction: a case for positive active galactic nucleus feedback. A unified, merger-driven model of the origin of starbursts, quasars, the cosmic X-ray background, supermassive black holes, and galaxy spheroids. Ultraluminous infrared galaxies and the origin of quasars. Broad-band properties of the CfA Seyfert galaxies. ![]() A single form modified by the effects of dust. The continuum of type 1 Seyfert galaxies. ![]() 8–13mu-m spectrophotometry of galaxies-II. 1.65–19.5-micron observations of the Galactic Center. As we look forward to the James Webb Space Telescope, the lessons learned from Spitzer studies will inform observational programmes with new and upcoming infrared facilities.īecklin, E. Spitzer’s sensitivity allowed almost complete identification of the host galaxies of samples of AGNs selected in the X-ray and radio. The unique mid-infrared spectrographic capability of Spitzer gave important insights into the distribution and nature of the dust surrounding AGNs, enabling the separation of AGN and starburst components, the detection of silicate features in emission from hot dust, and the identification of shocked gas associated with AGN activity. This population implies a higher radiative accretion efficiency, and thus possibly a higher spin, for black holes than indicated by surveys at optical or X-ray wavelengths. Its combined sensitivity and mapping speed at mid-infrared wavelengths revealed a substantial population of highly obscured AGNs. The Spitzer Space Telescope revolutionized studies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
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